動詞後面加上-ing 形式為現在分詞;動詞後面以-ed 結尾為過去分詞。分詞常使用於句子開頭處,下面的句子便是使用現在分詞片語開頭的構句:
例:Being late, Mr. White hurried to his office.
(遲到的 Mr. White 趕著去辦公室。)
分詞構句本是為了讓句子簡潔才使用的,那這種句型是如何產生的呢?一起看看下面的說明吧!
A. Mr. White was late. (Mr. White 遲到了。)
B. Mr. White hurried to his office. (Mr. White 趕去他的辦公室。)
‧上面 A、B 兩句的主詞相同,皆為 Mr. White;此外我們也可以觀察出這兩個句子的先後關係,或者說是因果關係,明顯地 Mr. White 是先因為遲到,所以後來他才會產生趕去辦公室這個動作,這時我們就可以把先發生的事轉為分詞片語,以用來修飾後面的句子。方法是把主詞省略,動詞轉換為分詞,後面加上逗號再接主要句子。
※ 使用這種構句要特別注意的是,分詞片語的主詞,必須要和後面句子的主詞一致,我們來看看下面兩個例子。
例:Obsessed with the idea of being drowned, Dennis refused to come near the pool.
(被淹死的想法在他腦海揮之不去,讓Dennis 拒絕靠近泳池。)
→ 這邊使用過去分詞作前導修飾語,拆為兩句則為 :
A. Dennis was obsessed with the idea of being drowned.
B. Dennis refused to come near the pool.
誤例:On arriving in New York, her friends met Lucy at Grand Central Terminal.
(到達紐約後,她朋友跟露西在中央車站碰面。)
→ 上句中逗點後面主句的主詞為 her friends,但是由於明確的主詞沒有先出現,因此會造成是誰到達紐約的混淆,所以在使用分詞構句時,要特別注意主詞的使用。上面的句子應該改為:
正例: On arriving in New York, Lucy met her friends at Grand Central Terminal.
(到達紐約後,露西跟她朋友在中央車站碰面。)
→ 逗點前後的主詞都是露西,是露西到達紐約。
正例:On arriving in New York, Lucy's friends met Lucy at Grand Central Terminal.
(到達紐約後,露西的朋友跟露西在中央車站碰面。)
→ 逗點前後的主詞都是露西的朋友,是露西的朋友到達紐約。
Alessandra: We run out of the eggs, I need to buy some.
(我們沒有雞蛋了,我必須去買一些。)
Frank: A new supermarket at the corner just opened up last week.
(巷口上禮拜開了一間新的超市。)
Fromhttp://niu.fun-day.com.tw/grammar/detail.htm?indx=138
I would like to work in an international organization like the United Nations, doing something to help mankind and helping promote brotherhood among all men of all nations.
S + V..., V-ing...and V-ing...
結構:簡化句型採用分詞代替連接詞,並由and連接兩個分詞。
<<From Dr.eye>>
-----------------------------------------------
分詞構句
1.<分詞構句>是指<分詞>或<分詞片語>用以修飾{主要子句}的{主詞}和<動詞>,可表示時間,原因,條件,讓步或附帶情況等意思。
Walking along the street, he saw a bar.
在街上走時,他看到了一個酒吧。
表時間,相當於一個時間副詞子句,即When he was walking along the street, he saw a bar.。
Being caught in the rain, he got a cold.
由於被雨淋了,他感冒了。
表原因,相當於一個原因副詞子句,即As he was caught in the rain, he got a cold.。
Following this road, you will find the bus stop.
要是沿著這條路走,你會找到車站。
表條件,相當於一個條件副詞子句,即If you follow this road, you will find the bus stop.。
She called out to the man on the street, asking for help.
她對街上的男人喊,請求幫助。
表附帶情況,與主要動詞同時發出的另外動作,即She called out to the man on the street and asked for help。
Seated at the table, he was waiting for her.
他坐在桌子旁等候她。
表方式,分詞構句中{過去分詞}之前的being可以省略,即Being seated at the table, he was waiting for her.。
Granting that he was drunk, I won't excuse his conduct.
即使我承認他喝醉了,也不會原諒他的行為。
表讓步,即Even if I grant that he was drunk, I won't excuse his conduct.
... V + V-ing ...
結構︰主詞+動詞+補語(現在分詞)
說明︰英文中,若兩個<動詞>在一起而無<連接詞>加以連接,所表示的動作又是同時發生的,則第二個<動詞>要變成現在<分詞>;若第二個<動詞>是be<動詞>時,應變成現在<分詞> being,但 being通常予以省略。
He quickly ran home, looking as if there was something wrong with him.
他快步跑回家,看上去好像有什麼事不對勁。
Before a typhoon comes, we should check the soundness of the structure, and store water and food.
並不是『用and連接三件事的平衡結構句型』,
而是『用and連接二件事的平衡結構句型』。
此例句中,Before a typhoon comes是『從屬子句』,comes是『從屬子句』的動詞。
we should check the soundness of the structure, and store water and food.是『主要子句』。
在此,and是連接『主要子句』中的check及store『兩個』動詞。
例句︰
I would like to work in an international organization like the United Nations, do something to help mankind, and help promote brotherhood among all men of all nations.
此例句中,並無『從屬子句』,and是連接『主要子句』中的work、do、及help『三個』動詞。
Fromhttp://www.english.com.tw/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?post_id=26727